Even Apple can’t escape change forever.
The famously restrictive company will allow third-party app stores for iOS devices, along with allowing users to “sideload” software directly. Spurring the move is the European Union’s (EU) Digital Markets Act (DMA), which looks to ensure open markets by reducing the ability of digital “gatekeepers” to restrict content on devices.
While this is good news for app creators and end-users, there is a potential red flag: security. Here’s what the compliance-driven change means for Apple, applications and appropriate device protection.
The DMA: Taking a Bite Out of Apple
While the DMA doesn’t come into full force until March 6, 2024, many organizations are acting now to minimize disruption, and Apple is among them. The company is apparently on track to allow users to download and install third-party app stores on their iOS devices. Apple is on the hook to comply with changes to cable connections. By 2024, the company will add USB-C ports to all iPhones.
Breaking the locks on digital gatekeeping offers benefits for both application developers and end-users. From the developer’s perspective, using a third-party app store to sell their software lets them avoid commissions taken by Apple, which can be up to 30% of user payments per app. From the user side, being able to go outside the iOS app ecosystem offers both more choice and more control. Instead of waiting for Apple to vet and approve new software, users could find versions of their favorite apps already for sale on third-party marketplaces or available directly for download.
The Risks of Removing Gatekeepers
Not surprisingly, Apple executives aren’t exactly thrilled about the shift, calling software sideloads “a cyber criminal’s best friend”.
Some of their concern is motivated by a desire to retain control over application distribution and the revenue it brings. However, they do have a point. The closed-loop nature of iOS has long been a selling point for Apple, which claims that it reduces security risk. The claim does have some merit: recent data found that 10 months after the release of Android OS version 12, 30% of federal employees were still running older, less secure versions. In the case of iOS 15, this number was just 5%. For the most part, the difference comes from control. Apple’s oversight of devices means updates are harder to avoid, while Android provides greater choice, but potentially greater risk.
However, the shift to third-party app stores and sideloaded software impacts Apple’s ability to deliver consistent security. For example, apps downloaded from non-iOS stores may include critical security vulnerabilities or even malware. If attackers can fool on-device security scans, they may be able to compromise user devices.
Since Apple won’t have any monetary stake in these apps, the company may not make protection a priority. This could offer a potential side benefit for Apple; they won’t have to spend money on third-party security, and if users get burned by rotten apps, they may come back to the iOS tree.
How Security Teams Can Prepare
Whether you see the shift to open digital borders as good or bad, change is coming. As a result, security teams are well served taking time to prepare. Here are three approaches to help bolster iOS security post-change:
Ban Third Party App Stores and Sideloading
One approach is banning both third-party app stores and sideloading on business-owned iOS devices and enforcing this policy with mobile device management (MDM) tools.
While this will provide a measure of security, it also comes with potential drawbacks. First is the pushback from staff, especially if they use personal devices to work from home or while traveling. By blocking third-party app stores on personal devices, businesses may discover that staff simply stop using these devices for work, in turn reducing total productivity.
There’s also the case of useful apps that are available sooner on third-party app stores than through official channels. A total ban means companies are waiting longer to access features or functions that could improve operations.
Leverage Additional Security Tools
Another approach is leveraging additional security tools such as next-generation web application firewalls (NGFWs) and AI-driven behavior analysis to evaluate the potential risk of third-party apps or sideloaded software. If these tools detect a problem, they can prohibit downloads. If the software is all clear, they can permit installation.
The key here is follow-up. Even if apps appear legitimate and pass initial scans, this doesn’t guarantee safety. As a result, continuous monitoring is critical to ensure both user devices and business networks remain protected.
Create New Security Guidelines
IT teams may also want to consider creating new guidelines around where users can download apps when they can sideload software and what steps they need to take to reduce total risk.
For example, teams might analyze popular app store options and only allow access to a select few based on what they offer and what (if any) security policies they have in place. Companies can also make it mandatory for staff to inform IT staff about any new downloads on their device. They might give teams a chance to analyze the apps for risk. Companies also need to lay out clear consequences if rules around app downloads aren’t followed.
Worth noting? There’s no hard-and-fast rule here. With regulations in flux, organizations need to find approaches to third-party apps and sideloading that balance device security with user autonomy and control.
From Closed Loops to Open Borders
The days of closed-loop iOS stores are ending in the EU. But with increased choice comes a higher risk of getting a malicious app that wreaks havoc on user devices — and potentially puts businesses at risk.
To reduce the chance of compromise, IT teams should consider a three-pronged approach. This should include banning shady app stores and sideloading, using additional security tools to detect potential problems and creating new security guidelines to provide clear roles and responsibilities for users.
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